Multiculturalism

Definition:
1. the policy or practice of giving equal attention or representation to the cultural needs and contributions of all the groups in a society: special emphasis may be given to minority groups underrepresented in the past, as through bilingual education. (source: http://www.yourdictionary.com/multiculturalism)
2. the policy of maintaining a diversity of ethnic cultures within a community. (source: http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/multiculturalism)
Explanation:
In my own words I think multiculturalism means to allow people to practice their own culture. The religion a person chooses should be free of choice and the groups in society should support the culture and they get treated equally. Also social and educational programs should encourage interest in many types of cultures and societies not just one main culture.
Metaphor:

Multiculturalism is like a pot of soup. You add all the vegetables etc and mix it together which is like adding all the cultures and mixing them in society and it turns out really good because of the variety of different vegetables. In society it is better with a mix of cultures because it is not just one set culture there is variety.

Commodities

Definitions:
1. A commodity is a good for which there is demand, but which is supplied without qualitative differentiation across a market. (Wikipedia)
2. A physical substance, such as food, grains, and metals, which is interchangeable with another product of the same type, and which investors buy or sell, usually through futures contracts. The priceof the commodity is subject to supply and demand. Risk is actually the reason exchange trading of the basic agricultural products began. For example, a farmer risks the cost of producing a product ready for market at sometime in the futurebecause he doesn't know what the selling price will be.(http://www.investorwords.com/975/commodity.html)
Explanation:

In my own words a commodity is something that is in pretty high demand that everyone wants that hasn't been really prices or anything just what you think it is worth. Your natural response pretty much.

Metaphor
If someone has a pair of keys and you want them you have to figure out what those keys are worth to you and so I might say they are worth 20 bananas. Then I will tell that person how much I would pay for it. Then he would tell me how much he thinks it is worth and then we would bargain.

Slave Trade

Definitions:
1.The business of buying and selling people for profit. (wikianswers)
2.Traffic in slaves; especially in Black Africans transported to America in the 16th to 19th centuriest
(http://www.thefreedictionary.com/slave+trade)
Explanation:

The violent kidnapping of colored people to use as labour workers in hard working conditions to make profit. The black Africans were transported over seas to America.
Metaphor:
Any movie that features white people sailing off to the Third World to capture something living and carry it back to the West for exploitation is going to be seen as a metaphor for colonialism and racism. A good example of this is the movie King Kong. They captured the giant gorilla and took him back to their country to exploit him and make a profit off of him.

Colonialism

Definitions
1. Colonialism is the establishment, maintenance, acquisition and expansion of colonies in one territory by people from another territory. Colonialism is a process whereby sovereignty over the colony is claimed by the metropole and the social structure, government, andeconomics of the colony are changed by colonists - people from the metropole. Colonialism is a set of unequal relationships: between the metropole and the colony, and between the colonists and the indigenous population. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonialism)
2.A political-economic phenomenon whereby various European nations explored, conquered, settled, and exploited large areas of the world. (http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/126237/colonialism-Western)
Explanation:
A policy where a nation maintains control over foreign dependencies
Metaphor
Colonialism is like being a parent or a boss. The Mom or dad take care of the kids and own what the kids have. The boss owns the buisness and the workers help the boss, but the boss is still in control.

Mercantilism

Definitions
1. from the 16th to the 19th centuries, a system of government-sponsored international business ventures designed to make European monarchs rich.
2. an economic theory that holds the prosperity of a state as dependent upon its supply of capital, that the global volume of international trade is "unchangeable," and that one party may benefit only at the expense of another. -wikipedia.org
Explanation
When one country starts to benefit due to when another country has expenses.
Metaphor
Mercantilism is like monopoly. Everyone wants to own the most land and money, and likes when the other players have to pay them more money and start to go bankrupt. they are gaining from others expenses.

Indian Act

Definitions 1. a band of indians for whose use and benefit the common, lands, the legal title too which is vested in her majesty, have been set apart before , after september 4, 1951. http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/I-5/page-1.html
2. is the principal federal statute dealing with INDIAN status, local government management or reserve land and communal monies. http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0003975
Explanation
Indian act is an act of when the indians started losing thier land to people and to be able to get thier land the government had to offer funds like payments from the government and still be able to use thier land.

Indians use to live off their own pay and work but now they live off the government which is way better then working for themselves because they made money by getting rid of thier land and still get payments from our government.
Click onthis link for more explanation on the Indian Act

Communism

Definitions
1. Communism is a sociopolitical movement that aims for a classless and stateless society structured upon common ownership of the means of production, free access to articles of consumption, and the end of wage labor and private property in the means of production and real estate. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communism)
2. A planned economical system in which government owns all means of production and all people work for government-owned and government-run enterprises.
Explanation:
So pretty much its a system where the government owns everything, and everyone gets paid the same =].
Metaphor:
Communism is like the Smurfs. They all look and dress the same, except one who has a beard and dressed in Red, who would be the government.

Capitalism

Definition:
1.Capitalism is an economic system for increasing individual wealth, requiring a relatively free market, open competition, the profit motive, and at least some private ownership of the means of production. (Found in TextBook)
2.Capitalism is an economic and social system in which capital and land, the non-labor factors of production (also known as the means of production), are privately owned; labor, goods and resources are traded in markets; and profit, after taxes, is distributed to the owners or invested in ... (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitalism )
Explanation:

Capitalism is to me when all of the profit that the person makes they take home on how much hours. Individuals have the right to private property and to use it to make money. People naturally compete to gain the most for them selves(humans are essentially greedy) (Found on WorkSheet)
Metaphor:
A basketball team getting paid individually on how hard they play and how often they go on the court. Instead of them getting paid a regular amount.

Integration (ethnic)

Definitions
1) Racial integration includes desegregation (the process of ending systematic racial segregation). It includes goals such as leveling barriers to association, that creates equal opportunity no matter what race you are, and the development of a culture that draws on diverse traditions, rather than bringing a racial minority into a majority culture. Integration is a large social matter.
2) Another term is the movement of minority groups such as ethnic minorities, refugees and underprivileged sections of society into the mainstream of society. Members of the minority groups thus gain full access to the opportunities, rights and services available to the members of the mainstream. Both sources wikipedia
Explanation:
In my own words integration is when you move someone who practices a different religion or culture into a place where everyone else is practicing a whole different religion. although the person doesn't do the same thing as everyone else they will still be accepted as part of the society.
This picture represents integration because people that don't share the same race are accepting each other. they don't care that they are not the exact same race, culture, or skin color.
Metaphor:
Integration is like stuffing for meat. they are all combined instead of being separated into separate groups.

Social Darwinism

Definitions:
1. is a term used for various late nineteenth century ideologies which, while often contradictory, exploited ideas of survival of the fittest.It especially refers to notions of struggle for existence being used to justify social policies which stressed competition between individuals in capitalism but it is also connected to the ideas in which many promoted eugenics or scientific racism or imperialism, or a struggle between national or racial groups. In sociology it has been defined as a theory of social evolution which asserts that "There are underlying, and largely irresistible, forces acting in societies which are like the natural forces that operate in animal and plant communities. One can therefore formulate social laws similar to natural ones. These social forces produce evolutionary progress through the natural conflicts between social groups. The best-adapted and most successful social groups survive these conflicts, raising the evolutionary level of society generally. (source: Wikipedia)
2. is a belief which states that the strongest or fittest should survive and flourish in society, while the weak and unfit should be allowed to die. The theory was chiefly expounded by Herbert Spencer, whose ethical philosophies always held an elitist view and received a boost from the application of Darwinian ideas such as adaptation and natural selection.(source: ThinkQuest)
Explanation:
Social Darwinism is a theory that suggests that certain human beings are better (more advanced) than other human beings. This theory used Darwin's theory of evolution and applied it to society. It was used to suggest that some ethnic groups (especially white/caucasian Europeans) were a higher caliber of human. This theory was used to support the ideas like white supremacy (think Hitler) and Eugenics (sterilizing mentally handicapped people and criminals).
Metaphor: 
Everyone has a favorite Smarties colour. Sometimes we leave our favorite colour to eat last or first but normally we eat ALL the Smarties. If we applied Social Darwinism ideas to eating Smarties all the colours we didn't like we would crush under our muddy boots and only eat the colour we thought was best.

Rwanda: timeline

TransAtlantic Slavery

The Life of a Slave...

Olaudah Equiano, an Ibo from Nigeria, was just 11 years old when he was kidnapped into slavery. He was held captive in West Africa for seven months and then sold to British slavers, who shipped him to Barbados and then took him to Virginia. After serving a British naval officer, he was sold to a Quaker merchant from Philadelphia who allowed him to purchase his freedom in 1766. In later life, he played an active role in the movement to abolish the slave trade.

Kidnapped

(read the entire excerpt here)

shackles used to chain slaves together

One day, when all our people were gone out to their works as usual, and only I and my dear sister were left to mind the house, two men and a woman got over our walls, and in a moment seized us both; and, without giving us time to cry out, or make resistance, they stopped our mouths, and ran off with us into the nearest wood. Here they tied our hands, and continued to carry us as far as they could, till night came on, when we reached a small house, where the robbers halted for refreshment, and spent the night. We were then unbound; but were unable to take any food; and, being quite overpowered by fatigue and grief, our only relief was some sleep, which allayed our misfortune for a short time.

The Middle Passage:

(read the entire excerpt here)

Olaudah Equiano vividly recounts the shock and isolation that he felt during the Middle Passage to Barbados and his fear that the European slavers would eat him.

diagram of slaves packed into ship`s hold

The stench of the hold while we were on the coast was so intolerably loathsome, that it was dangerous to remain there for any time...some of us had been permitted to stay on the deck for the fresh air. But now that the whole ship's cargo were confined together, it became absolutely pestilential. The closeness of the place and the heat of the climate, added to the number of the ship, which was so crowded that each had scarcely room to turn himself, almost suffocated us.

Every circumstance I met with, served only to render my state more painful and heightened my apprehensions and my opinion of the cruelty of the whites.

Arrival in the new world

(read the entire excerpt here)

Olaudah Equiano offers a first- hand account of his arrival in the West Indies in 1756.

waiting to be sold

We were not many days in the merchant's custody, before we were sold after their usual manner...On a signal given, (as the beat of a drum), buyers rush at once into the yard where the slaves are confined, and make a choice of that parcel they like best. The noise and clamour with which this is attended, and the eagerness visible in the countenances of the buyers, serve not a little to increase the apprehension of terrified Africans...In this manner, without scruple, are relations and friends separated, most of them never to see each other again. I remember in the vessel in which I was brought over...there were several brothers who, in the sale, were sold in different lots; and it was very moving on this occasion, to see and hear their cries in parting.

Response:
Olaudah Equiano would not have had access to material to write a diary but imagine what he might have written in his diary if he had had the opportunity. Choose one section of the journey into slavery given above and write a journal entry as if you were Olauda Equiano. This writting task asks you to put yourself in his shoes - to write from his perspective. Remember to support your writing with details from the story or other historical facts you know from this time period.

Africa: Before Colonies

Based on the two videos we watched in class, answer the following questions:

1. Based on what you saw in these videos describe what you think a typical day in the life of an African person your age might have been before Europeans set up colonies?
2. Which sciences were important in helping Europeans get to India by ship?
3. Opinion: As you saw in the video trading slaves was a common part of life in African society. When Europeans settled they took advantage of this slave trade. How much should we hold Europeans responsible for the way slaves were treated during colonial times?

Settlers of Catan: whadjathink?

In order to play Settlers of Catan a player must be familiar with how the idea of scarcity works. Resources in the game need to be combined in specific ways to allow you to build roads, settlements, and cities. To win the game players have to be successful in building their empire. In order to win you have to learn how to trade for resources that you need. This is especially true if a player happens to choose parts of the board whose resources. After watching the videos on the Scramble for Africa (which you can also find here) answer the following questions below:

1. What connection can be made between playing Settlers of Catan and the Scramble for Africa? 
2. What were the main motivations of the European countries in setting up colonies?
3. What factors contributed to indigenous people being horribly mistreated by Europeans?
4. In what way could 'settling' Africa have been done in a better way?

Provide a numbered response in the comment section below:

The Secret Ingredient in Chocolate

There is a surprising association between chocolate and child labor in the Cote d'Ivoire. Young boys whose ages range from 12 to 16 have been sold into slave labor and are forced to work in cocoa farms in order to harvest the beans, from which chocolate is made, under inhumane conditions and extreme abuse. This West African country is the leading exporter of cocoa beans to the world market. 
Slave traders are trafficking boys ranging from the age of 12 to 16 from their home countries and are selling them to cocoa farmers in Cote d'Ivoire. They work on small farms across the country, harvesting the cocoa beans day and night, under inhumane conditions. Most of the boys come from neighboring Mali, where agents hang around bus stations looking for children that are alone or are begging for food. They lure the kids to travel to Cote d'Ivoire with them, and then the traffickers sell the children to farmers in need of cheap labor (Raghavan, "Lured...").
The horrendous conditions under which children must toil on the cocoa farms of the Cote d'Ivoire are even more jarring when the facts are juxtaposed with the idea that much of this cocoa will ultimately end up producing something that most people associate with happiness and pleasure: chocolate. The connection serves to illustrate that the existence of misery in one part of the world and joy in another part are no longer divorced as nations are connected together in a globalized web of trade. Thus, the pleasure that people from various nations around the world are deriving from these chocolate confections could possibly be at the expense of child slaves in Africa. The problem of child slavery then is not simply a faraway abstraction with no immediate implications for anybody else except those who are directly affected, but rather it is an issue that everybody around the world should be concerned about and demand action to eradicate. 

This information comes from a leading researcher in international slavery. Link here
 Check out this link: Kevin Bales talking about his project to eradicate slavery

Scarcity

Definitions:
1. The basic problem on which classical economic theory is built: simply, that human wants will always exceed the resources available to fulfill those wants.

2. The basic economic problem that arises because people have unlimited wants but resources are limited. Because of scarcity, various economic decisions must be made to allocate resources efficiently.
Explanation:

Scarcity is the idea that people want or need a certain product or resource but for some reason that product is in short supply. Sometimes this is becuase the product or resource is limited, rare, or hard to get (like gold). Sometimes scarcity can occur when that product or resource is carefully controlled by a very powerful company, country or organization. (i.e. The group of Middle East Countries who are a part of OPEC exercise control over oil production and as a result have huge control over the price of oil in the world.)
Metaphor:

Scarcity could be compared to what would happen if my tech geek buddy Kev would buy up all the Ipods in the world. Then he could charge whatever he wanted to.

GoAnimate.com: scarcity by MrFreezer


Like it? Create your own at GoAnimate.com. It's free and fun!
sources: Dictionary.com || Investopedia

Colonialism: The Scramble for Africa

the following is a short video that gives an overview of how European powers carved up Africa in what is commonly known as the Scramble for Africa

 

Where in the World is Djibouti? – Asia and Oceania

1. Afghanistan

2. Armenia

3. Australia

4. Azerbaijan

5. Bangladesh

6. Bhutan

7. Brunei

8. Cambodia

9. China

10. Cyprus

11. East Timor

12. Fiji

13. Georgia

14. India

15. Indonesia

16. Iran

17. Iraq

18. Israel

19. Japan

20. Jordan

21. Kazakhstan

22. Kuwait

23. Kyrgyzstan

24. Laos

25. Lebanon

26. Malaysia

27. Mongolia

28. Myanmar

29. Nepal

30. New Zealand

31. North Korea

32. Oman

33. Pakistan

34. Papua New Guinea

35. Philippines

36. Qatar

37. Russia

38. Saudi Arabia

39. Singapore

40. Sri Lanka

41. Solomon Islands

42. South Korea

43. Syria

44. Tajikistan

45. Thailand

46. Turkey

47. Turkmenistan

48. United Arab Emirates

49. Uzbekistan

50. Vanuatu

51. Vietnam

52. Yemen

Where in the World is Djibouti? - Africa

1. Algeria

2. Angola

3. Benin

4. Botswana

5. Burkina-Faso

6. Burundi

7. Cameroon

8. Chad

9. Central African Republic

10. Congo

11. Dem. Rep. of Congo

12. Djibouti

13. Egypt

14. Ethiopia

15. Equatorial-Guinea

16. Eritrea

17. Gabon

18. Gambia

19. Ghana

20. Guinea

21. Guinea-Bissau

22. Ivory Coast

23. Kenya

24. Lesotho

25. Liberia

26. Libya

27. Madagascar

28. Malawi

29. Mali

30. Mauritania

31. Morocco

32. Mozambique

33. Namibia

34. Niger

35. Nigeria

36. Rwanda

37. Senegal

38. Sierra-Leone

39. Somalia

40. South Africa

41. Sudan

42. Swaziland

43. Tanzania

44. Togo

45. Tunisia

46. Uganda

47. Western Sahara

48. Zambia

49. Zimbabwe

Where in the World is Djibouti? - Europe

1. Albania

2. Andorra

3. Austria

4. Belarus

5. Belgium

6. Bosnia-Herzegovina

7. Bulgaria

8. Croatia

9. Czech Republic

10. Denmark

11. Estonia

12. Finland

13. France

14. Germany

15. Greece

16. Hungary

17. Iceland

18. Ireland

19. Italy

20. Kosovo

21. Latvia

22. Liechtenstein

23. Lithuania

24. Luxembourg

25. Macedonia

26. Malta

27. Moldova

28. Monaco

29. Netherlands

30. Norway

31. Poland

32. Portugal

33. Romania

34. Russia

35. San Marino

36. Serbia and Montenegro

37. Slovakia

38. Slovenia

39. Spain

40. Sweden

41. Switzerland

42. Turkey

43. Ukraine

44. United Kingdom

45. Vatican City

Where in the World is Djibouti? - Americas

1. Antigua and Barbuda

2. Argentina

3. Bahamas

4. Belize

5. Bermuda

6. Bolivia

7. Brazil

8. Canada

9. Chile

10. Costa Rica

11. Columbia

12. Cuba

13. Dominica

14. Dominican Republic

15. Ecuador

16. El Salvador

17. French Guiana

18. Grenada

19. Guatemala

20. Guyana

21. Haiti

22. Honduras

23. Jamaica

24. Mexico

25. Nicaragua

26. Panama

27. Paraguay

28. Peru

29. Puerto Rico

30. St. Kits

31. St. Lucia

32. St. Vincent

33. Suriname

34. Trinidad and Tobago

35. Uruguay

36. U.S.A.

37. Venezuela

Imperialism in 4 Minutes

You may want to use this video as a way to help you review some of the apsects of colonialism (especially some of the basics about the SCRAMBLE FOR AFRICA.
This next video is a brief synposis of Josef Conrad's life. He is the author of "The Heart of Darkness" and "An Outpost of Progress" (which we read parts of in class.